Once the objectives for the project have been formulated (see 'Formulating project objectives') the method by which this is best achieved must be determined. From the point of view of health promotion, the best method is one that meets two fundamental conditions. The principles of participation, empowerment and health equity have to be observed not only in theory but also in practice and the input in terms of financial means and personnel has to be as small as possible (best possible cost-benefit-ratio).
It is preferable to envisage a methodology that has already been successful in other projects (see 'Links to other projects). If this is not possible (e.g. if the project is an innovative one) the choice of methodology still needs to be justified.
A useful way to do this is to refer to theoretical effect or outcome models. If the project is about modifying individual health behaviour you could refer to the Transtheoretical Model of Change (TTM), if an intervention in a setting is planned, a model of organization development would be more appropriate.
Depending on the theme, the context conditions and the objectives of a project, it could also make sense to combine different approaches. Particularly effective and lasting interventions in health promotion are those targeting simultaneously several of the five intervention levels defined by the Ottawa Charter.
- You are fully convinced by your own approach and you do not think that a justification based on professional theory is needed.
- Your project has a pilot character and you are testing new approaches in terms of practical feasibility and efficacy. You think therefore that you do not need to justify your methodological choice (but you still need to describe how you are going to evaluate the efficacy of your intervention).
Health is primarily promoted by appropriate methodology, methods and approaches. If you can justify your own approach in a professional and convincing manner you increase the chances that you are going to use your resources carefully and efficiently and that you are going to gain support and recognition for it.
Start the planning of your project by defining its objectives – not by choosing a particular method or methodology. Research the literature and available on-line information, read evaluation reports and discuss positive and negative experiences of different approaches with other project leaders and professionals. Think about the criteria by which you can compare and evaluate possible approaches.
- Is the choice of your methodological approach based on a comparison and assessment of different possible choices?
- Have you thought about the impact that the chosen methodology will have on all concerned?
Project planning
Criterion
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